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Serving New Thought is pleased to present
William Atkinson's
Art Of Logical Thinking
Book page numbers, along with the number to the left of the .htm extension match the page numbers of the original books to ensure easy use in citations for research papers and books
1 - Reasoning -
2 - Process of Reasoning -
3 - The Concept -
4 - The Use of Concepts -
5 - Concepts and Images -
6 - Terms -
7 - Meaning of Terms -
8 - Judgments -
9 - Propositions -
10 - Immediate Reasoning -
11 - Inductive Reasoning -
12 - Reasoning by Induction -
13 - Theory and Hypotheses -
14 - Making and Testing Hypotheses -
15 - Deductive Reasoning -
16 - The Syllogism -
17 - Varieties of Syllogisms -
18 - Reasoning by Analogy -
19 - Fallacies -
of experiment over mere observation are of
two kinds. In the first place, we shall generally know much more certainly and accurately
with what we are dealing, when we make experiments than when we simply observe natural events. . . . It is a, further advantage of artificial experiments, that they enable us to discover entirely new substances
and to learn their properties. . . . It
would be a mistake to suppose that the making of an experiment is inductive reasoning,
and gives us without further trouble the laws
of nature. Experiments only give us the facts
upon which we may afterward reason. . . . .
Experiments then merely give facts, and it is
only by careful reasoning that we can learn
when the same facts will be observed again.
The general rule is that the same causes will
produce the same effects. Whatever happens
in one case will happen in all like cases, provided that they are really like, and not merely
apparently so. . . . When we have by repeated experiments tried the effect which all
the surrounding things might have on the result, we can then reason with much confidence
as to similar results in similar circumstances.
page scan
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