Art Of Logical Thinking by William Atkinson - Read the Complete Text for free at NewThoughtLibrary.com

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William Atkinson's

Art Of Logical Thinking

Book page numbers, along with the number to the left of the .htm extension match the page numbers of the original books to ensure easy use in citations for research papers and books

1 - Reasoning - 2 - Process of Reasoning - 3 - The Concept - 4 - The Use of Concepts - 5 - Concepts and Images - 6 - Terms - 7 - Meaning of Terms - 8 - Judgments - 9 - Propositions - 10 - Immediate Reasoning - 11 - Inductive Reasoning - 12 - Reasoning by Induction - 13 - Theory and Hypotheses - 14 - Making and Testing Hypotheses - 15 - Deductive Reasoning - 16 - The Syllogism - 17 - Varieties of Syllogisms - 18 - Reasoning by Analogy - 19 - Fallacies -

be mentioned the following: (1) Careless Observation, or inexact perception and conception; (2) Partial Observation, in which one observes only a part of the thing or fact, omitting the remainder, and thus forming an incomplete and imperfect concept of the thing or fact; (3) Neglect of Exceptions and Contradictory Facts, in which the exceptions and contradictory facts are ignored, thereby giving undue importance to the observed facts; (4) Assumption of Facts which are not real facts, or the assumption of the truth of things which are untrue; (5) Confusing of Inferences with Facts, which is most unwarrantable.

Fallacies of Mistaken Cause result from the assumption of a thing as a cause, when it is not so, of which the following are familiar examples: Substituting the Antecedent for the Cause, which consists in assuming a mere antecedent thing for a cause of another thing. Thus one might assume that the crowing of the cock was the cause of daybreak, because it preceded it; or that a comet was the cause of the plague which followed its appearance; or in the actual case in which a child reasoned that doctors caused deaths, because observation

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