have no duties, and hence no inherent rights, and no claims of justice to cast over those rights. Their appeal is to mercy, and mercy has its seat in the spirit of man. With the cleansing of that spirit it will flow forth in pleasant streams. What is today most trying in the sufferings of animals, is the gratuitous pain inflicted on them by man against both his lower wants and higher nature. A scientist that indulges himself in vivisection may still be quick with his objection to divine mercy.

(3) Suffering is involved in happiness. Pain is in part at least the foil of pleasure. Weariness it is that makes rest so sweet. The slight discomfort defines the limits of comfort. Even severe pain restores to enjoyments their just estimate. The lapse from intense pleasure into ennui teaches us the lessons of moderation and inner composure. Pleasure and pain are interwoven for pleasure's sake, and cannot be torn asunder without a destruction of the web of our lives.

(4) Suffering is included in intellectual growth. We have said that pains are points on the indicator by which the condition of our physical powers is disclosed to us, and the form and limits of our intellectual activity are assigned us. Without these disclosures the intellect, unable to reach the facts, would have no terms of judgment, no diagnosis. Sagacity lies in dealing quickly and skillfully with these terms of pain and pleasure; and wisdom lies in a comprehensive statement and solution of the entire problem involved. The intellectual problem gets pungency and pressure from these very motives. Without them it is a dead record.