NewThoughtLibrary.com / DivineLibrary.org

interpretation in rational activity. By instinct we mean subtile 1 constitutional connections, through which actions, having the form of intelligence, are automatically accomplished. It is simply an extension, as in the spinning of the spider, of organic stimuli. By association we mean, the union of facts of experience in quasi judgments by memory.* Each higher stage in this series will react on and modify that below it, but the fundamental dependence is the one indicated. Any other relation would make the higher endowment the preparation for the lower one, and its condition in development. Instances may easily be given in which the later gift modifies the earlier one; but this is quite a subordinate fact that must itself find explanation in the previous relation here presented.

Intelligence will work its way in a limited degree into instinct, and secure transmission by descent; but this will take place only in lower forms of life, and is a wholly insufficient theory of interpretation when applied to man's highest powers, powers that are not instinctive but intuitive. These must be accepted in their supreme quality, and their action upward and downward sought out.

Intelligence, in its higher forms, holds beneath it a large constitutional automatic region which it can penetrate as voluntary power, and ultimately possess and control as habit. Instinct and habit are allied to each other in form, but quite distinct in origin and office. Instinct is an expansion from below of automatic action; habit is the higher life finding its way into the lower.

(3) Moreover, the first knowledge, on which inheritance is made to rest, remains to be explained, and adequately explained leaves no room for inheritance to add anything. Inheritance can do nothing unless there is something to inherit. Whence comes that incipient perception of right, or

* For a farther discussion see Growth and Grades of Intelligence.