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transmitted from the medulla oblongata. This portion of the nervous system chiefly sustains the muscular action in breathing. This is complex and rhythmical, nicely alternating in the states indicated, and in the muscular action induced. To receive and combine the indications of the actual state of the lungs, and to distribute to the muscles the appropriate stimuli, so far as the movement is stated and involuntary, is a portion of the office of the medulla oblongata. This action is, moreover, capable of being modified, arrested, or quickened by voluntary effort.

In the same way the support and harmonizing of voluntary muscular movements generally are referred with sufficient proof to the cerebellum. By far the larger part of this action is involuntary and unconscious, though voluntary stimuli reach and modify it. A portion of this sustaining influence of the voluntary muscles is received from the spinal cord, to wit, that which gives them always a certain tension or tone, distinguishing them from lifeless flesh, and maintaining them in readiness for instant effort. That the harmonizing and coordinating of muscular movement are due to the cerebellum, is shown by proof briefly presented in the following passage from Todd and Bowman, page 50.

"Animals deprived of the cerebellum are in a condition very similar to that of a drunken man, so far as relates to their power of locomotion. They are unable to produce that combination of action in different sets of muscles which is necessary to enable them to assume, to maintain any attitudes. They cannot stand still for a moment, and in attempting to walk, their gait is unsteady, they totter from side to side, and their progress is interrupted by frequent falls. The fruitless attempts which they make to stand or walk are sufficient proof that a certain degree of intelligence remains, and that voluntary power continues to be enjoyed."

The cerebrum, on the other hand, is directly connected