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complete and independent organic life, whose functions are placed partially within the reach of mind, and among whose activities may be introduced many others of a voluntary character. The mind thus executes its will through the body, much as one accomplishes his service by a servant. Nor is the mind left without the means of training this servant to increased efficiency. Its powers and tastes are slowly transferred as skill to the body, and begin to flow on in the current of inheritance as a new exaltation of physical life. Organic action precedes the nervous system. This system, automatic in its play, enters to enlarge these organic functions, and sustain them by a variety of muscular activity.

In this unconscious circuit appear, in a reflex automatic form, the conditions of general sensation, and, later, the organs of special sensation. At length these threads of unconscious relations are united still more closely by consciousness, and a strictly mental dependence begins to appear. Sensations as sensations are associated by memory, and the new connections have the force of a judgment. On this plane, animal life, supported by a sensitive, complex organism and strong instinctive connections, develops itself. In man, there arise, finally, the intuitions, acting as a yet higher and more rational consciousness. The processes which before proceeded as feelings now transpire as thoughts and accept voluntary guidance. The rational life is put in full possession of its powers. The great mass of action in the animal kingdom lies far down in the dark region of organic effects, where most of it, even in man, still remains, yet with him it has assumed quite new dependencies.

In reference to the will, we may divide human actions, into four classes . involuntary, voluntary-involuntary, involuntary-voluntary and voluntary. These actions diminish in number and increase in significance in the several